Effect of the ketogenic diet on exercise endurance capacity and fuel utilization
Abstract
The objective of this review was to identify and discuss scientific evidence on the effects of the ketogenic diet with severe carbohydrate restriction on endurance capacity and on metabolic responses during exercise in healthy individuals. A search of articles published between 1975 and 2017 was performed in the databases of MedLine, Scielo and Google Scholars. The following key words were used: ketogenic diet, low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet, exercise, training, endurance, endurance capacity, performance, fuel oxidation, fat oxidation, and metabolic adaptation. Ten articles were selected, of which nine showed that the ketogenic diet increased the rate of fat oxidation and attenuated the rate of glycogen utilization during exercise. However, eight studies reported negative effects of the ketogenic diet on moderate or intense exercises, mainly related to time to exhaustion, perception of effort, power output, and exercise economy both in trained and untrained subjects. This review concluded that, independently of training status, the ketogenic diet offering <50 g of carbohydrate per day, although it may induce metabolic advantages, may result in ergolytic effects on endurance capacity, as well as other high performance parameters, where the carbohydrate dependence is clearly predominant.
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