Hormonal, immunological and physiological changes during the Overtraining state
Abstract
The goal of this study is to analyze the main hormonal, immunological and physiological changes in overtraining. Regular exercises provoke physiological and morphological adaptations in the organism; different changes occur according to the type of stimulus and exercises. Therefore, if strong stimulations are applied with insufficient periods of recovery, the athlete will enter in exhaustion, having symptoms of overtraining. However, when this problem is detected, we verify that there are hormonal, immunological and physiological changes. In the hormonal changes, we noticed that neuroendocrine disorders occur related to the axles hypothalamus – pituitary -adrenal and hypothalamus – pituitary - gonad; while in immunological changes, we observed that the concentrations of plasmatic and muscular glutamine influence in the process of immunomodulation. In this way, the decrease will be involved in the processes of exhaustion; the physiological changes such as blood-glucose concentration, muscle and liver glycogen, as well as the relationship between free tryptophan and branched chain amino acids, will directly affect the performance, in which will culminate in triggering the overtraining disorder. Thus, we should apply a training plan which must adjust the intensity and volume respecting the appropriate period of recovery, as it will be essential for re synthesis of energy substrates.
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