Effects of 4-week low-fat and high- carbohydrate and normoglucidic diets on body composition, aerobic fitness, and strength in overweight/obese women
Abstract
Introduction: Dietary intervention is one of the most effective and allowed methods to prevent chronic diseases, including obesity. A low-carbohydrate and high-fat (LCHF) diet has shown positive effects in the treatment of several pathologies, but there are few data concerning physical fitness effects. Objective: To measure the effects of different diets on body composition, aerobic fitness, and muscle strength of sedentary women with overweight and obesity. Material and Methods: This is an experimental study with repeated measures. A sample consisted of 51 sedentary women (18 to 25 years old) with overweight or obesity. After analyzing the three-day food diary, they were randomized into four groups: two of them with an LCHF diet and two with the habitual normoglucidic diet (HD), with current total caloric value (VCT) (LCHFc and HDc) or using the VCT ideal (LCHFi and HDi). The intervention lasted four weeks, with body mass, skin folds, body perimeters, aerobic fitness test on the cycle ergometer, and isometric handgrip strength measurements before, during, and after the intervention. Results: Was found a significant reduction in body mass (p=0.032), and the LCHFi model provided a higher reduction than the LCHFc, HDc, and HDi models. Maximum aerobic power showed a significant reduction near to 5% from moments 1 and 2 to moment 3 in all groups. There were no losses in muscle strength. Conclusion: After four weeks of intervention, all four models changed body composition, and the LCHFi diet provided a superior effect. In all groups, a reduction in aerobic power was observed.
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