Effect of branched chain amino acids supplementation on the human physical performance
Abstract
The hypothesis that exercise affects the metabolism of proteins and amino acids is highly valued, and that they contribute significantly to the performance during exercise and helps the recovery after exercise. Thus it is suggested that the BCAA intake before and during exercise can benefit the competitive performance in short and long-term events, both in strength training as the aerobic training. The aim of this research is to analyze the effects of BCAA supplementation associated with physical performance, immune system and reduce muscle damage, through a systematic review. Searches weremade on databases that evaluate the effects of supplementation of branched chain amino acids in adults. The theory that the BCAA improves performance and physical performance, and delays fatigue, aids in muscle recovery and balances glutamine levels during and after exercise is still a relevant discussion in the literature. However, it seems that supplementation with BCAA in adults under different exercise stimulus is beneficial to improve performance, reduce muscle damage markers and preserve glutamine levels after exercise. It is necessary that more randomized controlled studies be conducted with larger samples and longer periods, to more precise conclusions on the effect of BCAA supplementation.
References
-Bassit, R.A.; Sawada, L.A.; Bacurau, R.F.P.; Navarro, F.; Rosa, L.F.B.P. The effect of BCAA supplementation upon the immune response of thiathletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. Vol. 32. Núm. 7. p. 1214-1219. 2000.
-Blomstrand, E.; Saltin, B. BCCA intake affects protein metabolism in muscle after but not during exercise in humans.Am J Physiol Endocrinal Metab. Vol. 281. Núm. 2. p. E365-E374. 2001.
-Coombes, J.S.; Mcnaughton, L.R. Effects of branched-chain amino acid supplementation on serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase after prolonged exercise. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. Vol. 40. Nùm. 3. p. 240-246. 2000.
-Crowe, M.; Weatherson, J.N.; Bowden, B.F. Effects of dietary supplementation on exercise performance. Eur J Appl Physiol. Vol. 97. Núm. 6. p. 664-672. 2006.
-Cruzat, V.F.; Rogero M.M.; Borges, M.C.; Tirapegui, J. Aspectos atuais sobre estresse oxidativo, exercícios físicos e suplementação. Rev Bras Med Esporte. Vol. 13. Núm. 5. p. 336-342. 2007.
-Cruzat, V.F.; Krause, M.; Newsholme, P. Amino acid supplementation and impact on immune function in the context of exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. Vol. 11. Núm. 1. p. 1-13. 2014.
-Davies, J.M.; Bailey, S.P. Possible mechanisms of central nervous system fatigue during exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. Vol. 29. Núm. 1. p. 45-57. 1997.
-Greer, B.K. The Effects of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation on Indirect Indicators of Muscle Damage and Performance. Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations. Paper 3988, 2006.
-Greer, B.K.; Woodard, J.L.; White, J.P.; Arguello, E.M.; Haymes, E.M. Branched-chain amino acid supplementation and indicators of muscle damage after endurance exercise. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. Vol. 17. Núm. 6. p. 595-607. 2007.
-Hall, G.; Raaymakers, J.S.; Saris, W.H.; Wagenmakers, A.J. Ingestion of branched-chain amino acids and tryptophan during sustained exercise in man: failure to affect performance. J Physiol. Vol. 486. Núm. 3. p. 789-794. 1995.
-Howatson, G.; Hoad, M.; Goodall, S.; Tallent, J.; Bell, P.G.; French, D.N. Exercise-induced muscle damage is reduced in resistance-trained males by branched chain amino acids: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. Vol. 9. Núm. 20. p. 1-7. 2012.
-Karlsson, H.K.R.; Nilsson, P.A.; Nilsson, J.; Chibalin, A.V.; Zierath, J.R.; Blomstrand, E. Branched-chain amino acids increase p70S6k phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle after resistence exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinal Metab. Vol. 287. Núm. 1. p. E1-7. 2004.
-Kim, D.H.; Kim, S.H.; Jeong, W.S.; Lee, H.Y. Effect of BCAA intake during endurance exercises on fatigue substances, muscle damage substances, and energy metabolism substances. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem. Vol. 17. Núm. 4. p. 169-180. 2013.
-Mittleman, K.D.; Ricci, M.R.; Bailey, S.P. Branched-chain amino acids prolong exercise during heat stress in men and women. Med Sci Sports Exerc. Vol. 30. Núm. 1. p. 83-91. 1998.
-Novelli, M.; Strufaldi, M.B.; Rogero, M.M.; Rossi, L. Suplementação de Glutamina Aplicada à Atividade Física. R Bras. Cie Mov. Vol. 15. Núm. 1. p. 109-117. 2007.
-Pereira Junior, M. Aspectos atuais sobre aminoácidos de cadeia ramificada e seu efeito ergogênico no desempenho físico humano. Revista Brasileira de Nutrição Esportiva. Vol. 6. Núm. 36. p. 436-448. 2012. Disponível em: <http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/article/view/333/345>
-Ra, S.G.; Miyazaki, T.; Ishikura, K.; Nagayama, H.; Komine, S.; Nakata, Y.; e colaboradores. Combined effect of branched-chain amino acids and taurine supplementation on delayed onset muscle soreness and muscle damage in high-intensity eccentric exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. Vol. 10. Núm. 1. p. 51. 2013.
-Rogero, M. M.; Tirapegui, J. Aspectos atuais sobre aminoácidos de cadeia ramificada e exercício físico. Rev Bras Cien Farm. Vol. 44. Núm. 4. p. 563-575. 2008.
-Rogero, M.M.; Mendes, R.R.; Tirapegui, J. Aspectos neuroendócrinos e nutricionais em atletas com overtraining. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. Vol. 49. Núm. 3. p. 359-368. 2005.
-Rohlfs, I.C.; Mara, L.S.; Lima, W.S.; De Carvalho, T. Relação da síndrome do excesso de treinamento com estresse, fadiga e serotonina. Rev Bras Med Esporte. Vol. 11. Núm. 6. p. 367-372. 2005.
-Rossi, L.; Tirapegui, J.O. Implicações do sistema serotoninérgico no exercício físico. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. Vol. 48. Núm. 2. p. 227-233. 2004.
-Shimomura, Y.; Yamamoto, Y.; Bajotto, G.; Sato, J.; Murakami, T.; Shimomura, N.; et al. Nutraceutical effects of branched-chain amino acids on skeletal muscle. J Nutr. Vol. 136. Núm. 2. p. 529S-532S. 2006.
-Sorichter, S.; Puschendorf, B.; Mair, J. Skeletal muscle injury induced by eccentric muscle action: muscle proteins as markers of muscle fiber injury. Exerc Immunol Rev. Vol. 5. p.5-21.1999.
-Silva, P.A; Alves, F. Efeitos da ingestão dos aminoácidos de cadeia ramificada na fadiga central. Rev Port Cien Desp. Vol. 5. Núm. 1. p. 102-113. 2005.
-Tang, F. Influence of branched-chain amino acid supplementation on urinary protein metabolite concentrations after swimming. J Am Coll Nutr. Vol. 25. Núm. 3. p.188-194. 2006.
-Uchida, M.C.; Bacurau, A.V.N.; Aoki, M.S.; Bacurau, R.F.P. Consumo de aminoácidos de cadeia ramificada não afeta o desempenho de endurance. Rev Bras Med Esporte. Vol. 14. Núm. 1. p. 42-45. 2008.
-Watson, P.; Shirreffs, S.M.; Maughan, R.J. The effects of acute branched-chain amino acids supplementation on prolonged exercise capacity in a warm environment. Eur J Appl Physiol. Vol. 93. Núm. 3. p. 306-314. 2004.
-Wloch, C.L.; Schneider, G.; Souza, P.C.D.; Liberali, R. Suplementação de aminoácidos de cadeia ramificada (AACR) e seu efeito sobre o balanço proteico muscular e a fadiga central em exercícios de endurance. Revista Brasileira de Nutrição Esportiva. Vol. 2. Núm. 10. p. 250-264. 2008. Disponível em: <http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/article/view/70/69>
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License BY-NC which allows the sharing of the work with acknowledgment of the authorship of the work and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are authorized to enter into additional contracts separately for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (eg, publishing in institutional repository or book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are allowed and encouraged to post and distribute their work online (eg, in institutional repositories or on their personal page) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this can bring about productive change as well as increase impact and impact. citation of published work (See The Effect of Free Access).
