Food pyramid inversion in resistence training exerciser teenagers: a pilot study
Abstract
Objective: this paper intended to evaluate the food intake habits of teenagers who practiced resistance training exercises and its influence on body composition during 12 weeks. Methods: a study of 12 male and female teenagers with the average age 17.17 ± 0.72 yr. The body composition was evaluated by Terra Azul software (Physical Test®, version 4.21), through the Pollock protocol (7 skin folds), before and after resistance training. The food intake habits were assessed by Food Consumption Frequency Questionnaire - QFCA. Results: during 12 weeks of resistance training there was no difference on teenager's anthropometry. The average height was 1.67 ± 0.08m; body weight 59.87 ± 10.79 kg; body fat 19.62% ± 4.66; fat-free mass 80.38% ± 4.66 (P>0.05). Moreover, the nutrition status evaluation showed that teenagers had "below-ideal" consumption of the base food groups from the food pyramid and "above-ideal" of the apex food groups from the food pyramid (P>0.05), which characterized a food pyramid inversion. Conclusion: the resistance training per se wasn't able to modify teenagers' body composition after 12 weeks of resistance training.
References
-Adam, B. O.; e colaboradores. Conhecimento nutricional de praticantes de musculação de uma academia da cidade de São Paulo. Brazilian Journal of Sports Nutrition. Vol. 2. Núm. 2. p. 24-36. 2013.
-Ahtiainen, J. P.; e colaboradores. Heterogeneity in resistance training-induced muscle strength and mass responses in men and women of different ages. Age (Dordr). Vol. 38. Núm. 1. p. 10. 2016. Disponível em: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26767377>.
-Braggion, G. F. Suplementação alimentar na atividade física e no esporte: aspectos legais na conduta do nutricionista. Nutrição Profissional. Vol. 4. Núm. 17. p. 40-50. 2008.
-Braggion, G. F.; Matsudo, S. M. M.; Matsudo, V. K. R. Consumo alimentar, atividade física e percepção da aparência corporal em adolescentes. Revista Brasileira de Ciência e Movimento. Vol.8. Núm. 1. p. 15-21. 2000.
-Burke, L. M.; e colaboradores. Carbohydrates for training and competition. Journal of sports sciences. Vol. 29. Núm. 1. p. S17-S27. 2011.
-De Oliveira, A. R.; Lopes, A. G.; Risso, S. Elaboração de programas de treinamento de orça para crianças. Semina: Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Vol. 24. Núm. 1. p. 85-96. 2004.
-Do Nascimento, A.; João, C. P. Avaliação do perfil de praticantes de atividade física de uma academia do interior de São Paulo em relação ao uso de suplementos. Revista Brasileira de Nutrição Esportiva. Vol. 3. Núm. 14. p. 10. 2009. Disponível em: <http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/article/view/112/110>
-Faigenbaum, A. D.;Myer, G. D. Pediatric resistance training: benefits, concerns, and program design considerations. Current sports medicine reports. Vol. 9. Núm. 3. p. 161-168. 2010a.
-Faigenbaum, A. D.; Myer, G. D. Resistance training among young athletes: safety, efficacy and injury prevention effects. British journal of sports medicine. Vol. 44. Núm. 1. p. 56-63. 2010b.
-Jackson, A. S.; Pollock, M. L. Generalized equations for predicting body density of men. British journal of nutrition. Vol. 40. Núm. 3. p. 497-504. 1978.
-Juzwiak, C. R.; Paschoal, V. C.; Lopez, F. A. Nutrição e atividade física. Jornal de Pediatria. Vol. 76. Núm. 3. p. 349. 2000.
-Leal, G. V. D. S. et al. Consumo alimentar e padrão de refeições de adolescentes, São Paulo, Brasil. Rev. bras. Epidemiol. Vol. 13. Núm. 3. p. 457-467. 2010.
-Lollo, P. C. B. Perfil dos alunos das academias de ginástica de Campinas, SP. Lecturas: Educación física y deportes. Núm.76. p. 15. 2004.
-Mazzetti, S. A.; e colaboradores. The influence of direct supervision of resistance training on strength performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. Vol. 32. Núm. 6. p. 1175-1184. 2000. Disponível em: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10862549>.
-Menon, D.; Santos, J. S. D. Protein consumption by bodybuilding practitioners aiming muscle hypertrophy. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte. Vol. 18. Núm.1. p. 8-12. 2012.
-Myer, G. D.; e colaboradores. How Young is “Too Young” to Start Training? ACSM's health & fitness journal. Vol. 17. Núm. 5. p. 14. 2013.
-Nielsen, A.; Korzen, S.; Holm, L. Inverting the food pyramid? Social and cultural acceptability of Walter Willett's dietary recommendations among people with weight concerns. Appetite. Vol. 51. Núm. 1. p. 178-186. 2008. Disponível em: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18384912>.
-Philippi, S. T.; e colaboradores. Pirâmide alimentar adaptada: guia para escolha dos alimentos adapted food pyramid: a guide for a right food choice. Rev. Nutr. Vol. 12. Núm. 1.p. 65-80. 1999.
-Poelman, M. P.; e colaboradores. 'I don't have to go to the gym because I ate very healthy today': the development of a scale to assess diet-related compensatory health beliefs. Public Health Nutr. Vol. 16. Núm. 2.p. 267-273. 2013. Disponível em: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22613780>.
-Ristow, M.; Schmeisser, S. Extending life span by increasing oxidative stress. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. Vol. 51. Núm. 2. p. 327-336. 2011.
-Rufino, V. S. Características de frequentadores de academias de ginástica do Rio Grande do Sul. Kinesis. Núm. 22.2013.
-Schneider, C. D.; Oliveira, A. D. Radicais livres de oxigênio e exercício: mecanismos de formação e adaptação ao treinamento físico. Rev Bras Med Esporte. Vol. 10. Núm. 4. p. 308-313. 2004.
-Schranz, N.; Tomkinson, G.; Olds, T. What is the effect of resistance training on the strength, body composition and psychosocial status of overweight and obese children and adolescents? A Systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. Vol. 43. Núm. 9.p. 893-907. 2013. Disponível em: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23729196>.
-Silva, A. B.; Dalvi, L. T.; Amorim, M. F.; Raso, W. Avaliação do perfil dos frequentadores de academia do plano piloto. RBONE-Revista Brasileira de Obesidade, Nutrição e Emagrecimento. Vol. 1. Núm. 2. 2012. Disponível em: <http://www.rbone.com.br/index.php/rbone/article/view/17/15>
-Tarnopolsky, M. A.; Macdougall, J. D.; Atkinson, S. A. Influence of protein intake and training status on nitrogen balance and lean body mass. Journal of Applied Physiology. Vol. 64. Núm. 1.p. 187-193. 1988.
-Toral, N.; e colaboradores. Comportamento alimentar de adolescentes em relação ao consumo de frutas e verduras. Rev Nutr. Vol. 19. Núm. 3. p. 331-40. 2006.
-Zamin, T. V.; Schimanoski, V. M. Avaliação de hábitos alimentares saudáveis e uso de suplementos alimentares entre frequentadores de academias. Revista Brasileira de Nutrição Esportiva. Vol. 4. Núm. 23. p.6. 2010. Disponível em: <http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/article/view/207/200>
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License BY-NC which allows the sharing of the work with acknowledgment of the authorship of the work and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are authorized to enter into additional contracts separately for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (eg, publishing in institutional repository or book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are allowed and encouraged to post and distribute their work online (eg, in institutional repositories or on their personal page) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this can bring about productive change as well as increase impact and impact. citation of published work (See The Effect of Free Access).