Food frequency questionnaires: considerations for sport
Abstract
The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) is widely used in nutritional epidemiological studies on previous feeding. It allows analyzing causal relationships between diet and disease or nutritional disorders. It is used to characterize the usual diet of population groups or individuals, providing qualitative and quantitative information, with the advantage of being low cost. In this review, it was intended to explore the possibilities of applying the FFQ in sport nutrition. It was observed in the current scientific literature that the FFQs have been applied on different occasions involving athletes such as: Adjusting dietary intake as a function of training volume; Evaluation of the influence of diet on health biomarkers; Assessment of specific nutrients intake. The information obtained with current sport-related FFQs were relatively valid, although few FFQs have been developed for this particular population subgroup. Therefore, we conclude that the FFQ can be applied in various ways in sport, and may be useful as a survey tool of the different nutritional approaches. However, for a greater reliability, it is necessary to use a method that has been properly validated for the athletic population.
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