Hyponatremia In Atleta
Abstract
This article aims at demonstrating, through a review of the existing bibliography, the effects of the consumption of liquids and/or solids during endurance sports, on plasma concentration of sodium and on body weight. The excessive hydration of liquids during the exercise may bring about a health complication known as hyponatremia or “water intoxication”. This pathology is known by a decrease in the concentration of the sodium in serum concentration below acceptable rates (136-145 mmol/L). The mechanism of hyponatremia is not clearly revealed. One theory defends that it is provoked by the excessive consumption of water and great losses of salt by sweat in endurance exercises leading to hyponatremic hypovolemia, the other theory argues that the excessive intake of hypotonic liquids cause hypervolemia or hyponatremia by dilution. This article was elaborated from 39 publishing’s about recommendation and discussions on hydration for athletes and about hydric reposition through water or sports drinks during exercise. On the researches analyzed data collection was done through the observation of change in individual weight before and after the endurance exercise or the rate of liquid loss, total number of glasses of liquids drank during exercise, quiz including kind of diet and medicine taken, collecting and analysis of samples of blood of the athletes. In most of the researches analyzed hyponatremia was associated to hyper hydration of the athlete, although other studies should be conducted to clarify the real cause of the hyponatremia induced by the exercise as well as a consensus about how it should be prevented in sports
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