Efectos de la suplementación con ácidos grasos omega-3 sobre el dolor muscular de aparición tardía: una revisión sistemática

  • Artur Motta Pontifí­cia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre-RS, Brasil.
  • Renan Almeida Pontifí­cia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre-RS, Brasil.
  • Giuseppe Potrick Stefani Pontifí­cia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre-RS, Brasil.
Palabras clave: Mialgia, Ácidos Grasos Omega-3, Suplementación Alimentaria, Ácido eicosapentaenoico

Resumen

El dolor muscular de aparición tardía (DOMS, por sus siglas en inglés) se caracteriza por rigidez e hinchazón del lecho muscular, dolor o incomodidad en los músculos al tacto o al movimiento, lo que resulta en una disminución del rango de movimiento, lo que puede afectar negativamente el rendimiento y causar lesiones. El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre los efectos de la suplementación con ácidos grasos omega-3 en DOMS. La revisión sistemática se basó en el método PRISMA, donde todos los artículos fueron evaluados en relación a la calidad metodológica del estudio, así como análisis de riesgo de sesgo en los estudios para evaluar la calidad de los artículos seleccionados. Se formuló una estrategia de búsqueda para seleccionar ensayos controlados aleatorios que investigaran el efecto de los omega-3 en DOMS. Se identificaron e incluyeron en la presente revisión 17 ensayos controlados aleatorios que evaluaron el efecto de la suplementación con ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA) y ácido eicosapentaenoico (EPA) en adultos sanos. La dosis utilizada en los estudios fue DHA (50 mg - 3000 mg/día) y EPA (300 mg - 3000 mg/día). Se observó una disminución en los niveles de creatina fosfoquinasa en el grupo de intervención en la fase aguda, pero no hubo diferencia significativa entre los grupos cuando se evaluó el período de entrenamiento. En base a los estudios incluidos, las hipótesis sugieren que la sustancia estudiada es capaz de atenuar el proceso preinflamatorio post-ejercicio a partir de la combinación de ácidos grasos EPA y DHA, pero no hay información suficiente para definir una dosis específica capaz de atenuar el DOMS.

Biografía del autor/a

Giuseppe Potrick Stefani, Pontifí­cia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre-RS, Brasil.

Curso de Nutrição, Escola de Ciências da Saúde.

Citas

-Armstrong, R. B. Mechanisms of exercise-induced delayed onset muscular soreness: a brief review. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. Vol. 16. Núm. 6. p. 529-538. 1984.

-Berlett, B. S.; Stadtman, E. R. Protein oxidation in aging, disease, and oxidative stress. The Journal of biological chemistry. Vol. 272. Núm. 33. p. 20313-20316. 1997.

-Black, K. E.; e colaboradores. Adding omega-3 fatty acids to a protein-based supplement during pre-season training results in reduced muscle soreness and the better maintenance of explosive power in professional Rugby Union players. European Journal of Sport Science. Vol. 18. Núm. 10. p. 1357-1367. 2018.

-Bloomer, R. J.; e colaboradores. Effect of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid on resting and exercise-induced inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers: a randomized, placebo controlled, cross-over study. Lipids in Health and Disease. Vol. 8. Núm. 1, p. 36. 2009.

-Calder, P.; Grimble, R. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation and immunity. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 56. Núm. S3. p. S14-S19. 2002.

-Ceciliani, F.; Giordano, A.; Spagnolo, V. The systemic reaction during inflammation: the acute-phase proteins. Protein and peptide letters. Vol. 9. Núm. 3. p. 211-23. 2002.

-Cintineo, H. P.; e colaboradores. Effects of Protein Supplementation on Performance and Recovery in Resistance and Endurance Training. Frontiers in Nutrition. Vol. 5. p. 83. 2018.

-Clarkson, P. M.; Hubal, M. J. Exercise-induced muscle damage in humans. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation. Vol. 81. Núm. 11 Suppl. p. S52-69. 2002.

-Clarkson, P. M.; Newham, D. J. Associations between muscle soreness, damage, and fatigue. Advances in experimental medicine and biology. Vol. 384. p. 457-469. 1995.

-Corder, K. E.; e colaboradores. Effects of Short-Term Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on Markers of Inflammation after Eccentric Strength Exercise in Women. Journal of sportsscience & medicine. Vol. 15. Núm. 1. p. 176-183. 2016.

-Davies, R.; Carson, B.; Jakeman, P. The effect of whey protein supplementation on the temporal recovery of muscle function following resistance training: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. Vol. 10. Núm. 2. p. 221. 2018.

-DiLorenzo, F. M.; Drager, C. J.; Rankin, J. W. Docosahexaenoic Acid Affects Markers of Inflammation and Muscle Damage After Eccentric Exercise. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. Vol. 28. Núm. 10. p. 2768-2774. 2014.

-Fridén, J.; Lieber, R. L. Structural and mechanical basis of exercise-induced muscle injury. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. Vol. 24. Núm. 5. p. 521-530. 1992.

-Gray, P.; e colaboradores. Fish Oil SupplementationReduces Markers of Oxidative Stress but Not Muscle Soreness after Eccentric Exercise. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. Vol. 24. Núm. 2. p. 206-214. 2014.

-Hayward, S.; e colaboradores. Effects of a high protein and omega-3-enriched diet with or without creatine supplementation on markers of soreness and inflammation during 5 consecutive days of high volume resistance exercise in females. Journal of sports science & medicine. Vol. 15. Núm. 4. p. 704-714. 2016.

-Higgins, J.; Green, S. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0. 2011.

-Hirose, L.; e colaboradores. Changes in inflammatory mediators following eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors. Exercise immunology review. Vol. 10. p. 75-90. 2004.

-Jakeman, J. R.; e colaboradores. Effect of an acute dose of omega-3 fish oil following exercise-induced muscle damage. European Journal of Applied Physiology. Vol. 117. Núm. 3. p. 575-582. 2017.

-Jones, D. A.; e colaboradores. Experimental human muscle damage: morphological changes in relation to other indices of damage. The Journal of physiology. Vol. 375. p. 435-448. 1986.

-Kelly, R. W.; King, A. E.; Critchley, H. O. D. Inflammatory mediators and endometrialfunction -Focus on the perivascular cell. Journal of Reproductive Immunology. Vol. 1-2. p. 81-93. 2002.

-Kelly, R. W.; King, A. E.; Crithley, H. O. D. Cytokine control in human endometrium. Reproduction. Vol. 121. Num.1. p. 3-19. 2001.

-Kluft, C.; De Maat, M. P. M. Genetics of C-Reactive Protein: New Possibilities and Complications. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. Vol. 23. Núm. 11. p. 1956-1959. 2003.

-Lembke, P.; e colaboradores. Influence of omega-3 (n3) index on performance and wellbeing in young adults after heavy eccentric exercise. Journal of sports science & medicine. Vol. 13. Núm. 1. p. 151-156. 2014.

-Li, Y.; e colaboradores. Dilated cardiomyopathy and neonatal lethality in mutant mice lacking manganese superoxide dismutase. Nature Genetics. Vol. 11. Núm. 4. p. 376-381. 1995.

-Liberati, A.; e colaboradores. The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration. PLoS Medicine. Vol. 6. Núm. 7. p. e1000100. 2009.

-Marques, C. G.; e colaboradores. Effects of DHA-rich fish oil supplementation on the lipid profile, markers of muscle damage, and neutrophil function in wheelchair basketball athletes before and after acute exercise. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. Vol. 40. Núm. 6. p. 596-604. 2015.

-McKinley-Barnard, S. K.; e colaboradores. Effectiveness of Fish Oil Supplementation in Attenuating Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Women During Midfollicular and Midluteal Menstrual Phases. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. Vol. 32. Núm. 6.p. 1601-1612. 2018.

-McNair, D. M.; Lorr, M.; Droppelmann, L. F. EITS Manual for the Profile of Mood States. Educational and Industrial Testing Service, 1971.

-Morgan, W. P. Test of the champions: the iceberg profile. Psychology Today. Vol. 14. p. 92-108. 1980.

-Nosaka, K.; Newton, M.; Sacco, P. Delayed-onset muscle soreness does not reflect the magnitude of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. Vol. 12. Núm. 6. p. 337-346. 2002.

-Ochi, E.; Tsuchiya, Y.; Yanagimoto, K. Effect of eicosapentaenoic acids-rich fish oil supplementation on motor nerve function after eccentric contractions. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. Vol. 14. p. 23. 2017.

-Peake, J.; Nosaka, K.; Suzuki, K. Characterization of inflammatory responses to eccentric exercise in humans. Exercise Immunology Review. Vol. 11. p. 64-85. 2005.

-Pedersen, B. K.; Febbraio, M. A. Muscle as an Endocrine Organ: Focus on Muscle-Derived Interleukin-6. Physiological Reviews. Vol. 88. Núm. 4. p. 1379-1406. 2008.

-Philpott, J. D.; e colaboradores. Adding Fish Oil to Whey Protein, Leucine, and Carbohydrate Over a Six-Week Supplementation Period Attenuates Muscle Soreness Following Eccentric Exercise in Competitive Soccer Players. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. Vol. 28. Núm. 1. p. 26-36. 2018.

-Pöchmüller, M.; e colaboradores. A systematic review and meta-analysis of carbohydrate benefits associated with randomized controlled competition-based performance trials. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. Vol. 13. Núm. 1. p. 27. 2016.

-Pryor, W. A. The antioxidant nutrientsand disease prevention-what do we know and what do we need to find out? The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 53. Núm. 1. p. 391S-393S. 1991.

-Smith, L. L. Acute inflammation: the underlying mechanism in delayed onset muscle soreness? Medicine and science in sports and exercise. Vol. 23. Núm. 5. p. 542-51. 1991.

-Tartibian, B.; Maleki, B. H.; Abbasi, A. The Effects of Ingestion of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Perceived Pain and External Symptoms of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness in Untrained Men. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. Vol. 19. Núm. 2. p. 115-119. 2009.

-Teixeira, M. S. S. R. Stress oxidativo e dano no dna na doença inflamatória intestinal. Arquivos de Medicina. Vol. 27. Núm. 6. p. 248-255. 2013.

-Tinsley, G. M.; e colaboradores. Effects of Fish Oil Supplementation on Postresistance Exercise Muscle Soreness. Journal of Dietary Supplements. Vol. 14. Núm. 1. p. 89-100. 2017.

-Tirapegui, J.; e colaboradores. Aspectos atuais sobre estresse oxidativo, exercícios físicos e suplementação. Rev Bras Med Esporte. Vol. 13. p. 2007.

-Tsuchiya, Y.; e colaboradores. Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids-rich fish oil supplementation attenuates strength loss and limited joint range of motion after eccentric contractions: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. European Journal of Applied Physiology. Vol. 116. Núm. 6. p. 1179-1188. 2016.

Publicado
2019-09-12
Cómo citar
Motta, A., Almeida, R., & Stefani, G. P. (2019). Efectos de la suplementación con ácidos grasos omega-3 sobre el dolor muscular de aparición tardía: una revisión sistemática. RBNE - Revista Brasileña De Nutrición Deportiva, 13(80), 446-458. Recuperado a partir de https://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/article/view/1336
Sección
Artículos Científicos - Original