Los beneficios del ejercicio físico en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal
Resumen
La enfermedad de Crohn (EC) y la colitis ulcerosa (CU) son enfermedades inflamatorias del intestino (EII), caracterizadas por la inflamación de la mucosa intestinal. El origen de las enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales es multifactorial, involucrando factores ambientales, genéticos e inmunológicos. No hay cura para la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar una revisión crítica del papel del ejercicio físico en la calidad de vida de los pacientes con EII. Se informa una disminución en la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) en pacientes con enfermedad de Crohn, con aproximadamente 40% a 50% con osteopenia y aproximadamente 15% con osteoporosis. La EII puede afectar la composición corporal, el rendimiento muscular y el gasto energético.Existe una relación dosis-respuesta y un umbral de intensidad de ejercicio físico que separa los beneficios y riesgos del ejercicio en el tracto gastrointestinal. En la literatura científica existen pocos estudios relacionados con la EII y el ejercicio físico. Es consenso en todos los estudios que el ejercicio físico de baja y moderada intensidad promueve una mejora en la calidad de vida de los pacientes con EII, demostrando una acción directa sobre los síntomas extraintestinales de las enfermedades sin exacerbar los síntomas. desarrollar nuevos estudios para la comprensión de los beneficios reales de la intervención de programas de ejercicio físico, tanto de resistencia como de fuerza, sobre los síntomas de la EII.
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