Metabolismo de la carnosina, suplementación con β-alanina y rendimiento físico: una actualización - PARTE II
Resumen
Hay varios factores que pueden conducir a la fatiga muscular durante los ejercicios de alta intensidad y corta duración. Entre ellos, la acumulación de iones H+, que conducen a una caída del pH intramuscular, se señala como una de las principales causas de fatiga durante este tipo de ejercicio. Así, las defensas amortiguadoras intramusculares representan la primera línea de defensa contra la acumulación de estos iones. Las estrategias nutricionales encaminadas a optimizar la acción de dichas defensas han recibido especial atención en el campo de la nutrición deportiva. En este sentido, la suplementación con beta-alanina es la que más ha destacado en los últimos años. La suplementación con este aminoácido no esencial y no proteogénico induce un aumento de las concentraciones de carnosina muscular. La carnosina, a su vez, es un dipéptido citoplasmático cuya función se atribuye mejor a la amortiguación. Así, varios estudios se han dedicado a investigar el potencial ergogénico de la suplementación con beta-alanina sobre el rendimiento en ejercicios de alta intensidad. De hecho, la eficacia ergogénica de la beta-alanina se ha investigado en diferentes poblaciones (sedentarios, físicamente activos, ancianos, atletas) y en diferentes protocolos de ejercicio (incremental, anaeróbico continuo, anaeróbico intermitente, específico del deporte). Además, su combinación con el entrenamiento físico y otras estrategias consideradas ergogénicas también ha recibido un foco especial de investigación. Debido al intenso y creciente interés en la suplementación con beta-alanina, esta revisión tiene como objetivo describir narrativamente dichos estudios, destacando la implicación de los resultados encontrados para el campo de la nutrición deportiva y la fisiología del ejercicio.
Citas
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