Assunzione nutrizionale dei corridori di mezzofondo
Abstract
Questo studio ha avuto l'obiettivo di valutare l'apporto nutrizionale degli specialisti nelle gare di mezzofondo.Il campione è composto da 56 atleti maschi che partecipano regolarmente a gare di atletica leggera di mezzofondo (da 800m a 10.000m), con le seguenti caratteristiche: 22,0± 5,4 anni; 63,1±5,8 kg di peso corporeo; 174,7 ± 5,8 cm di altezza; 7,4±4,8 anni di pratica atletica e 8,1±1,7 sessioni di allenamento a settimana. I dati nutrizionali sono stati ottenuti utilizzando un questionario semi-quantitativo sulla frequenza alimentare preparato dal Dipartimento di Epidemiologia nutrizionale della Facoltà di Medicina dell'Università di Porto, in Portogallo. La conversione degli alimenti in nutrienti è stata eseguita utilizzando il software Food Processor Plus, versione 7.0.L'apporto calorico giornaliero medio è stato di 3014±913 kcal (1497-4900), corrispondente alle seguenti assunzioni relative: carboidrati 54,0±6,7% (6,5 ± 2,3 g.kg-1.giorno-1), grassi 29,5±5,0% (1,6±0,6g.kg-1.giorno-1) e proteine 16,4±2,9% (1,9±0,6 g.kg-1.giorno-1 ) 1). È stato verificato il consumo di vitamine D e biotina al di sotto delle raccomandazioni. Il consumo di macrominerali e microminerali ha superato le raccomandazioni.I corridori del presente studio hanno un consumo medio di carboidrati al di sotto delle raccomandazioni per gli atleti che si sforzano a lungo termine. L'assunzione di proteine è eccessiva. L'apporto di grassi è adeguato, così come quello di vitamine (ad eccezione della vitamina D e della biotina) e di sali minerali. Una percentuale significativa di soggetti ha un consumo energetico molto basso, che può avere un effetto negativo sulle prestazioni sportive e sulla salute.
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