Metabolismo della carnosina, integrazione di β-alanina e performance fisica: un aggiornamento - PARTE II
Abstract
Ci sono diversi fattori che possono portare all'affaticamento muscolare durante esercizi ad alta intensità e di breve durata. Tra questi, l'accumulo di ioni H+, che porta ad un calo del pH intramuscolare, è indicato come una delle principali cause di affaticamento durante questo tipo di esercizio. Pertanto, le difese tampone intramuscolari rappresentano la prima linea di difesa contro l'accumulo di questi ioni. Strategie nutrizionali volte ad ottimizzare l'azione di tali difese hanno ricevuto particolare attenzione nel campo della nutrizione sportiva. In questo senso, la supplementazione di beta-alanina è quella che si è distinta di più negli ultimi anni. L'integrazione con questo amminoacido non essenziale e non proteogeno induce un aumento delle concentrazioni di carnosina muscolare. La carnosina, a sua volta, è un dipeptide citoplasmatico la cui funzione è meglio attribuita al tamponamento. Pertanto, diversi studi sono stati dedicati allo studio del potenziale ergogenico dell'integrazione di beta-alanina sulle prestazioni negli esercizi ad alta intensità. Infatti, l'efficacia ergogenica della beta-alanina è stata studiata in diverse popolazioni (sedentari, fisicamente attivi, anziani, atleti) e in diversi protocolli di esercizio (incrementale, anaerobico continuo, anaerobico intermittente, sport-specifico). Inoltre, anche la sua combinazione con l'allenamento fisico e altre strategie considerate ergogeniche ha ricevuto un focus speciale di indagine. A causa dell'intenso e crescente interesse per la supplementazione di beta-alanina, questa recensione mira a descrivere narrativamente tali studi, evidenziando l'implicazione dei risultati trovati per il campo della nutrizione sportiva e della fisiologia dell'esercizio.
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