Metabolismo de carnosina, suplementação de β-alanina e desempenho físico: uma atualização - PARTE II
Resumo
Diversos são os fatores que podem levar à fadiga muscular durante os exercícios de alta intensidade e curta duração. Dentre eles, o acúmulo de íons H+, levando a uma queda do pH intramuscular, é apontado como uma das principais causas da fadiga durante este tipo de exercício. Sendo assim, as defesas tamponantes intramusculares representam a primeira linha de defesa contra o acúmulo destes íons. Estratégias nutricionais visando otimizar a ação de tais defesas tem recebido especial atenção no campo da nutrição esportiva. Nesse sentido, a suplementação de beta-alanina é a que mais tem se destacado em anos recentes. A suplementação com este aminoácido não essencial e não proteogênico induz um aumento das concentrações musculares de carnosina. A carnosina, por sua vez, é um dipeptídeo citoplasmático cujafunção mais bem atribuída é a de tamponante. Com isso, diversos estudos têm se dedicado a investigar o potencial ergogênico da suplementação de beta-alanina sobre o desempenho em exercícios de alta intensidade. De fato, a eficácia ergogênica da beta-alanina tem sido investigada em diferentes populações (indivíduos sedentários, fisicamente ativos, idosos, atletas) e em diferentes protocolos de exercício (incrementais, anaeróbios contínuos, anaeróbios intermitentes, esporte-específico). Além disso, sua combinação com o treinamento físico e com outras estratégias consideradas ergogênicas também tem recebido especial foco de investigação. Em virtude do intenso e crescente interesse na suplementação de beta-alanina, esta revisão tem por objetivo descrever narrativamente tais estudos, ressaltando a implicação dos resultados encontrados para o campo da nutrição esportiva e fisiologia do exercício.
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